Facilities
The Department is well equipped with following laboratories for its undergraduate, postgraduate and research activities:
The various components those are used in refrigeration and air-conditioning applications are mounted on display board. Some of the components which are on display are: Cut section models various types of compressors, condensers, expansion devices, condenser fan blades, air-conditioning blower blades, domestic refrigerator, window-type air-conditioner etc.
The system has been designed for demonstrating refrigeration cycle, calculating coefficient of performance, heat balance at evaporator, at condenser, at overall system, plotting of Pressure-Enthalpy diagram and calculating compressor efficiency ay various loads. The system consists of hermetically sealed compressor, air cooled condenser, thermostatic expansion valve and an evaporation chamber with cooling coil immersed in a tank of water with an immersion type heater fitted in the evaporator tank which acts as cooling load. The control panel of the setup consists of Pressure Gauge, Compound Gauge, Multi-channel Temperature Indicator for showing temperatures at various points of the setup, Digital Thermostat, Rotameter showing flowrate of liquid refrigerant, HP – LP cutout and Digital Wattmeter for compressor power consumption.
The setup enables study of vapor compression refrigeration cycle and the components used in the cycles, determination of refrigeration effect, actual COP, Carnot COP, theoretical COP and refrigeration capacity. One can also calculate the heat balance for evaporator, for condenser and for overall system, plot pressure-enthalpy diagram and determine compressor efficiency at various loads.
The system has been designed for the study of demonstration of refrigeration cycle, calculation of coefficient of performance in ice manufacturing, calculation of heat balance at evaporator, condenser, overall system and study of ice manufacturing process. The system consists of hermetically sealed compressor, air cooled condenser, thermostatic expansion valve and an ice plant box, which is an insulated S. S tank with brine solution and ice cans, The control panel of the setup consists of Pressure Gauge, Compound Gauge, Multi-channel Temperature Indicator for showing temperatures at various points of the setup, Digital Thermostat, Rotameter showing flowrate of liquid refrigerant, HP – LP cutout and Digital Wattmeter for compressor power consumption. The setup enables study of vapor compression refrigeration cycle, the ice manufacturing process and the components used in a typical ice plant, determination of refrigeration effect, actual COP, Carnot COP, theoretical COP and refrigeration capacity. One can also calculate the heat balance for evaporator, for condenser and for overall system, plot pressure-enthalpy diagram and determine compressor efficiency at various loads.
The setup measures solar radiation upto 2000 W/m2 with user programmable Logging Interval from 1 min to 24 hour. It uses Rechargeable SMF batteries with integral solar panel, which keeps the batteries charged throughout the year with user-friendly application software. Data retrieval is by pocket size data shuttle in computer.
The experimental setup introduces the students to renewable energies like solar energy and wind energy and their combination with hydrogen fuel cell technology, illustrating the complete energy chain. The setup allows use of Solar, wind and hydrogen components separately with PC-supported measurement and experimentation, while USB data monitor serves as electronic load and power supply.
The setup consists of • Wind generator with fan and anemometer to generate electrical energy from wind, • Solar Module with lamp and photometer to generate electrical energy from solar energy • Fuel Cell Stack with Electrolyzer and Hydrogen Storage to produce hy¬drogen and oxygen and to use these gases generate electrical energy in fuel cell stack. • USB Data Monitor which is used for data acquisition, as an electronic load or as a power supply for the electrolyzer. The setup enables study of wind generators, solar cells and fuel cells, production of hydrogen from renewable energy, operate multiple loads with wind generators, solar cells and fuel cells, determination of characteristic curves and calculate the efficiency of energy components.
This is highly sophisticated experimental setup fitted with Hydraulic Dynamometer, MPFI System, Fuel Level, Pressure and Temperature Sensor, Differential Pressure Transmitter, Data Acquisition Card and National Instrument (NI) Lab View. All the data transmitted by all the measuring sensors is sent to Computer in real time through Data Acquisition (DAQ) Card. Following test facilities are available by this setup. 1. Performance Test 2. Heat Balance Sheet 3. P- θ Diagram 4. P-V Diagram 5. Morse Test
This computerized engine setup consists of single cylinder, four stroke, multi-fuel connected to Eddy Current Dynamometer. The operation mode of the engine can be changed from Diesel to Petrol or Petrol to Diesel by varying the compression ratio without stopping the engine and without altering the combustion chamber geometry. Lab View based Engine Performance analysis Software package is provided with this setup for on line performance evaluation. The specifications of different modes are given below. Diesel Mode: Power: 3.5 k W @ 1500 RPM, CR range: 12:1 – 18:1, Petrol Mode: 4.5 k W @ 1800 RPM, CR range: 6:1 – 10:1).
This non –conventional solar air heater fabricated for R&D purpose having two air channels formed between jet plate and absorber plate with downward longitudinal fins and jet plate and bottom plate. In this solar air heater, the flow impinges out of the holes in the jet plate and hits the bottom of the absorber plate before mixing with the flow in the channel. The impinging air jet increases the value of the convection heat transfer coefficient. This results in significant useful heat gain and collector efficiency.
This non –conventional solar air heater fabricated for R&D purpose having two air channels formed between jet plate and absorber plate with downward longitudinal fins and jet plate and bottom plate. In this solar air heater, the flow impinges out of the holes in the jet plate and hits the bottom of the absorber plate before mixing with the flow in the channel. The impinging air jet increases the value of the convection heat transfer coefficient. This results in significant useful heat gain and collector efficiency.
The plate heat exchanger normally consists of corrugated plates assembled into a frame. The hot fluid flows in one direction in alternating chambers while the cold fluid flows in true counter-current flow in the other alternating chambers. Traditionally, plate and frame exchangers have been used almost exclusively for liquid to liquid heat transfer. Plate Heat Exchangers are best known for having overall heat transfer coefficients in excess of 3-5 times the U- value in a shell and tube designed for the same service.
This is a recuperative type counter flow water –air type heat exchanger in which a plane and finned tubes are fitted for comparing the performance of the heat exchanger. The objectives of this setup are to determine Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD), Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient( U) and Effectiveness(E). Generally finned tube heat exchangers are used in the industries for heat transfer enhancement.
In this heat exchanger, the directions of two fluids are perpendicular to each other. Engine Radiators and condenser are the best examples of this heat exchanger. In the present heat exchanger setup, both working fluids are used as air.
In drop wise condensation, the droplets of condensate collected over the condenser surafce are fallen due to gravity and every time fresh vapour is in contact with the condenser surface. In film wise condensation, the film of the condensate wets the surface of the condenser. The present setup is used for the studies of the above two mechanism of condensation and this also helps for visualization of the formation of droplets and film over the condenser surface.
The setup has stand-alone type independent panel box consisting of air box, fuel tank, manometer, fuel measuring unit, digital speed indicator and digital temperature indicator. Engine jacket cooling water inlet, outlet and calorimeter temperature is displayed on temperature indicator. Rotameters are provided for cooling water and calorimeter flow measurement. The setup enables study of engine for brake power, BMEP, brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, specific fuel consumption, air fuel ratio and heat balance.
The Diesel Engine Smoke Meter is used to measure the following parameters of smoke coming out from the diesel engine. 1. Degree of Opacity (N-value) Measuring Range: 0-100% , Accuracy: 2%, Resolution: 0.1% 2. Light Absorption Coefficient (k-value) Measuring range: 0-30 m-1 Accuracy: 2%, Resolution: 0.01 m-1 The above instrument is being used by M.Tech and Ph.D students for their research work.
This instrument is supplied by IMR, Environmental Equipment, INC, Petersburg, Florida, USA. This is a highly sophisticated instrument fitted with latest sensors for a more accurate measurement of exhaust gas concentration from both Petrol (Gasoline) and Diesel Engines. Following parameters of the exhaust gas coming out from the engines may be measured as given below. 1. Oxygen, O2 : 0-25% range 2. Carbon monoxide, CO: 0-15% 3. Nitric oxide, NO: 0-5000ppm 4. Carbon dioxide, CO2.: 0-20% 5. Hydrocarbons, HC: 0-30,000 ppm 6. Sulpher dioxide, SO2 : 0-4000 ppm 7. Hydrogen sulfide, H2S: 0-200 ppm 8. Soot
This functionally represents the model of a helicopter, perticularly from maneuvering control and stability viewpoint. Some control experiments are done in this set-up using MATLAB. Helicopter position and velocity is controlled through the rotor velocity variation. There is a significant cross coupling between the two rotors like in a real helicopter.
Some control experiments are done in this set-up using MATLAB. The set-up consists of a cart moving along the 1 meter length track. The cart has a shaft to which two pendulums are attached and are able to rotate freely. The cart can move back and forth causing the pendulums to swing. The movement of the cart is caused by pulling the belt in two directions by the DC motor attached at the end of the rail. By applying a voltage to the motor we control the force with which the cart is pulled. The value of the force depends on the value of the control voltage, which is the control signal.
Different types of experiments can be performed on 4 types of governors (Watt, Porter, Hartnell, Proell ) as listed below: (i) To study the effect of varying the mass of the center sleeve in Porter and Proell Governor (ii) To study the effect of varying the initial spring compression in Hartnell Governor (iii) Determination of characteristic curve of a sleeve position against speed of rotation for all governors (iv) Determination of characteristics curves of radius of rotation against controlling force (Actual & Theoretical) for all governors
The following experiments can be performed in this set-up: (i) To balance the masses statically and dynamically of a single rotating mass system (ii) To observation of effect of unbalance in a rotating mass system
The set-up consists of exciter unit with FHP Motor and speed controller, ordinary strip chart recorder and damper with arrangement for changing damping. Scope of Experimentation: (i) To verify the relation simple pendulum (ii) To verify the relation of compound pendulum & to determine the radius of gyration (iii) To study radius of gyration of bi-filar suspension (iv) To study the undamped free vibration of spring mass system (v) To study the longitudinal vibration of helical coiled spring (vi) To study the forced vibration of simply supported beam for different damping. (vii) Undamped torsional vibrations of single rotor system (viii) Undamped torsional vibrations of double rotor system (ix) To study the damped torsional vibration of single rotor system and to determine the damping co-efficient (x) Verification of Dunkerley's Rule (xi) To study the forced damped vibration of spring mass system.
The setup is a motorized unit consisting of a camshaft driven by a variable speed motor. The free end of the camshaft has a facility to mount the cam easily. The follower is properly guided in gunmetal bushes and the type of follower can be changed according to the cam under test. Graduated circular protractor is fitted co-axial with the shaft and dial gauge fitted on the follower shaft, is used to note the follower displacement for the angle of cam rotation. A spring is used to provide controlling force to the follower system. Weights on the follower shaft can be adjusted as per the requirement. An arrangement is provided to regulate the speed. The apparatus is very useful for testing the cam performance for jump phenomenon during operation and the effect of change of inertia forces on jump action of cam-follower during operation can be observed. Three sets of cams and followers are supplied with the apparatus. These are already hardened to reduce the wear. Technical details: •Cam Shaft Material: Stainless Steel •Cams: Tangent, Eccentric, Circular Arc, made of hardened alloy steel. •Followers : Roller, Knife edge, Mushroom, made of hardened alloy steel •Weights: 1 kg, 500gm, 200 gm & 100gm. •Motor: Variable speed DC Motor 220 V AC, Single Phase, 0.5 kW with speed controller. •Dial Gauge: Standard Make. Scope of Experimentation: •To plot the (Follower displacement Vs. Angle of rotation) curves for different cam follower pairs. •The follower bounce can be observed by using a stroboscope (not in the scope of supply) & effect of follower weight on bounce can be studied. •To study the effect of spring compression on bounce.
Technical details: •Disc : Dia. 300 mm × 12 mm thick precisely balanced which can be rotated in 3 mutually perpendicular axis. •Drive Motor : FHP (1/6 HP), 6000 RPM, 1Phase, 220 V (AC-DC) Variable speeds. •RPM measurement : Digital RPM Indicator with Proximity sensor. •Weights : 2 kg, 1 kg, ½ kg •Stop Watch : Electronic •Control Panel : Comprises of speed control unit & RPM indicator. •Accurately marked scale & pointer to measure precession rate Experiments to be performed: •Experimental verification of the gyroscopic couple: , where I is the mass moment of inertia, is the angular speed of the disc, and is the precession speed. •Observation of gyroscopic effect of rotating disc.
Technical specification: •Test Shafts Length : 1000 mm each. Diameter : 2, 3, 4 mm (approx.) Quantity : Two each. •RPM measurement : Digital RPM Indicator with Proximity sensor. •Coupling bearing for fixed or free ends without restraint. •Drive Motor : FHP (1/6 HP), 6000 RPM, Single phase, 220 V (AC- DC) Variable Speed. •Control Panel :Comprises of speed control unit & RPM Indicator Experiments to be performed: •Display of various modes of whirl for a shaft with: a) Both ends directionally fixed. b) One ends fixed and other free c) Both ends directionally free. • Modes of vibrations can be studied and frequency can be measured in each case.
Single Shoe Brake b) Double Shoe Brake c) Band & Block Brake d) Internally Expanding Brake e) Disc Brake f) Mechanical Brake System
Conical Friction Clutch b) Plate Clutch c) Centrifugal Clutch d) Multiplate Clutch e) Model of Geneva Wheel Drive
Title: Performance test of Kaplan turbine Aim: To determine the efficiency of Kaplan turbine in closed circuit Specifications: Net head: 10 meters, Discharge: 1700 LPM, Rated Speed: 1000 rpm, and Power: 1.5 Kw
Title: Performance test of pelton wheel Aim: To determine the efficiency of pelton wheel at constant speed and in open circuit Specifications: Net head: 46 meters, Discharge: 840 LPM, Rated Speed: 750 rpm, and Power: 3.72 Kw
Verification of Bernoulli’s Theorem The experimental set up is a self contained bench mounted unit consisting of the convergent divergent test section • Apparatus for measuring losses in pipe Aim of the experiment is to determine the coefficient of friction for a set of given pipes • Calibration of a circular orifice To determine the hydraulic coefficients for a circular edged orifice • Calibration of Venturimeter Aim of the experiment is to determine the coefficient of discharge for a horizontal venturimeter.
Range: 0.3 mPa.s – 10 Pa.s, Operating Temperature: 10-40°C, Accuracy: 1% of Repeatability, Temperature Measurement: 0-160°C The thin sensor plates are immersed in a sample are vibrated with a uniform frequency, the amplitude varies in response to the quantity of the frictional force produced by the viscidity between the sensor plates and the sample. The vibro viscometer controls the driving electric current to vibrate the spring plates in order to develop uniform amplitude. The driving force required for the viscidity is directly proportional to the viscosity × density. Therefore, when vibrating the spring plates with a constant frequency to develop uniform amplitude for samples with differing viscosities, the driving electric current (driving power) is also directly proportional to the product of viscosity and density of each sample.
Make/Supplier: Oscar Ultrasonics Pvt. Ltd. Specification: Power Input 230V 50 Hz, 4 Amps, Processing Capacity Up to 600 ml, Cooling jacket provision made of SS 304 along with pump 1/8 HP for pressurized circulation of fluid.
Make/Supplier: M/s Anton Paar, Kolkata Specification: Dynamic viscosity: 0.2 to 20000 mPa-s, Kinematic Viscosity: 0.2 to 20000 mm2/s, Density: 0.65 to 3.0 g/cm^3, Measuring temperature: +100 °C - ambient temperature
Make/Supplier: M/s Ducom Instruments, Bangalore Specification: Wear Disc Diameter: 100 mm, Pin Diameter: 3 - 12 mm, Disc Rotation Speed:100 - 1000 RPM, Normal Load: 10 N to 100 N
Make/Supplier: M/s Petrolabs India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad Specification: Separates particles up to 800 µm in size, Eye pieces - 10X, Focal Length 25mm, FN 18 mm video capturing capacity of 8 fps (2592x1944 pixels)
CAD Laboratory is having the following Softwares which are used for undergraduate students.
ANSYS – an engineering simulation software developer. • ABAQUS – a calculating tool used primarily in parts for performing arithmetic processes. • ALTAIR-HYPERMESH is a high-performance finite element pre-processor for popular finite element solvers. • COMSOL- an engineering design and finite element analysis software environment for the modeling and simulation.
Lab: Strength of Material
The most common testing machines are universal testers, which test materials in tension or compression. Their primary function is to create the stress strain curve. Testing machines are either electromechanical or hydraulic. The principal difference is the method by which the load is applied. Electromechanical machines are based on a variable-speed electric motor; a gear reduction system; and one, two, or four screws that move the crosshead up or down. This motion loads the specimen in tension or compression. Crosshead speeds can be changed by changing the speed of the motor. A microprocessor-based closed-loop servo system can be implemented to accurately control the speed of the crosshead. Hydraulic testing machines are based on either a single or dual-acting piston that moves the crosshead up or down. However, most static hydraulic testing machines have a single acting piston or ram. In a manually operated machine, the operator adjusts the orifice of a pressure-compensated needle valve to control the rate of loading. In a closed-loop hydraulic servo system, the needle valve is replaced by an electrically operated servo valve for precise control. Universal testing machines Hounsfield: H50Ks, Model: THE- 5000N, Capacity: 500 KN, Serial number: E0909 Specification: ASI: Universal testing machines (An ISO 9001: 2008 Co.) Model: CCUTM Serial number: 81277, Maximum Capacity: 20000N
With the 270VRSD HARDNESS TESTER all operations are managed by a single drive including automatic research of test piece. Pushing the Start button, the 270VRSD hardness tester head moves down to reach the test surface from distance multiples of 50 mm and automatically starts the hardness test cycle in automatic succession without breaching a phase. Automatic control and selection of pre-loads and major loads through a software controlled closed-loop load cell (AFFRI® patent) Optical gauge high definition 0.1 micron for very accurate Vickers and Brinell measurements. Automatic compensation of deflection up to 50 mm. Fully operational even in the presence of vibrations, sudden changes in temperature or dusty environments. Repeatability and Reproducibility in all test conditions. Graphical lighted display with high contrast to obtain clear, rapid and accurate readings. Automatic control and selection of pre-loads and loads. Automatic correction of measurements on round surfaces and memorization of results.
Torsion testing equipment consists of: (a) A twisting head: with a chuck for gripping the specimen and for applying twisting moment to the specimen. (b) A weight head: grips the other end of the specimen and measure the twisting moment of torque. Specification: ASI: Torsion testing machine (An ISO 9001:2000 Co.) Model: AMI, Serial number: 1213, Maximum capacity: 200KGM
It is a working model designed to perform research and study of all the mechanical faults and unwanted vibration raised from the faults.